"Medical Education as a Process Management Problem."

Armstrong, Elizabeth G., Marie Mackey, and Steven J. Spear. Academic Medicine Vol. 79, No. 8 (2004): 721-728.

"Driving Improvement in Patient Care: Lessons from Toyota."

Thompson, Debra N., Gail A. Wolf, and Steven J. Spear. Journal of Nursing Administration Vol. 33, No. 11 (2003): 585-595.

"The Essence of Just-in-Time: Embedding Diagnostic Tests in Work-Systems to Achieve Operational Excellence."

Spear, Steven J. Production Planning and Control Vol. 13, No. 8 (2002): 754-767.

"When Problem Solving Prevents Organizational Learning."

Tucker, Anita L., Amy C. Edmondson, and Steven J. Spear. Journal of Organizational Change Management Vol. 15, No. 2 (2002): 122-137.

"The Toyota Production System: An Example of Managing Complex Social/Technical Systems."

Spear, Steven J. Harvard University, 1999.