{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff8\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f1\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial{\*\falt Arial};}{\f4\fbidi \fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Helvetica{\*\falt Helvetica};}
{\f8\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}New York{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f12\fbidi \froman\fcharset129\fprq2{\*\panose 02030600000101010101}Batang{\*\falt 1___};}
{\f13\fbidi \fnil\fcharset134\fprq2{\*\panose 02010600030101010101}SimSun{\*\falt ??????????????????__??????????};}{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}
{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri{\*\falt Calibri};}{\f40\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Verdana;}
{\f42\fbidi \fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000500000000020000}Times{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f43\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600040502020204}Lucida Grande{\*\falt Courier New};}
{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}y7tir{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f301\fbidi \fnil\fcharset77\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palatino{\*\falt Palatino};}
{\f447\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040602050305030304}Book Antiqua{\*\falt Book Antiqua};}{\f598\fbidi \fnil\fcharset134\fprq2{\*\panose 02010600030101010101}@SimSun;}
{\f599\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}OneGulliverA{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f600\fbidi \fnil\fcharset77\fprq0{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}FoundryFormSans-Demi{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f601\fbidi \fnil\fcharset77\fprq0{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}MetaPlusBold-Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f602\fbidi \froman\fcharset129\fprq2{\*\panose 02030600000101010101}@Batang;}
{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri{\*\falt Calibri};}{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f603\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f604\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f606\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f607\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f608\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f609\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f610\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f611\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f613\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE{\*\falt Arial};}
{\f614\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr{\*\falt Arial};}{\f616\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek{\*\falt Arial};}{\f617\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur{\*\falt Arial};}
{\f618\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew){\*\falt Arial};}{\f619\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic){\*\falt Arial};}{\f620\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic{\*\falt Arial};}
{\f621\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese){\*\falt Arial};}{\f643\fbidi \fnil\fcharset238\fprq2 Helvetica CE{\*\falt Helvetica};}{\f644\fbidi \fnil\fcharset204\fprq2 Helvetica Cyr{\*\falt Helvetica};}
{\f646\fbidi \fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Helvetica Greek{\*\falt Helvetica};}{\f647\fbidi \fnil\fcharset162\fprq2 Helvetica Tur{\*\falt Helvetica};}{\f650\fbidi \fnil\fcharset186\fprq2 Helvetica Baltic{\*\falt Helvetica};}
{\f651\fbidi \fnil\fcharset163\fprq2 Helvetica (Vietnamese){\*\falt Helvetica};}{\f725\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Batang Western{\*\falt 1___};}{\f723\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Batang CE{\*\falt 1___};}
{\f724\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Batang Cyr{\*\falt 1___};}{\f726\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Batang Greek{\*\falt 1___};}{\f727\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Batang Tur{\*\falt 1___};}
{\f730\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Batang Baltic{\*\falt 1___};}{\f735\fbidi \fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 SimSun Western{\*\falt ??????????????????__??????????};}{\f943\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}
{\f944\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}{\f946\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f947\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f950\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}
{\f951\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}{\f973\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE{\*\falt Calibri};}{\f974\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr{\*\falt Calibri};}
{\f976\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek{\*\falt Calibri};}{\f977\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur{\*\falt Calibri};}{\f978\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri (Hebrew){\*\falt Calibri};}
{\f979\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri (Arabic){\*\falt Calibri};}{\f980\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic{\*\falt Calibri};}{\f981\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese){\*\falt Calibri};}
{\f1003\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Verdana CE;}{\f1004\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Verdana Cyr;}{\f1006\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Verdana Greek;}{\f1007\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Verdana Tur;}
{\f1010\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Verdana Baltic;}{\f1011\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Verdana (Vietnamese);}{\f1023\fbidi \fnil\fcharset238\fprq2 Times CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f1024\fbidi \fnil\fcharset204\fprq2 Times Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f1026\fbidi \fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Times Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f1027\fbidi \fnil\fcharset162\fprq2 Times Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f1030\fbidi \fnil\fcharset186\fprq2 Times Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f1031\fbidi \fnil\fcharset163\fprq2 Times (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f1033\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Lucida Grande CE{\*\falt Courier New};}
{\f1034\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Lucida Grande Cyr{\*\falt Courier New};}{\f1036\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Lucida Grande Greek{\*\falt Courier New};}{\f1037\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Lucida Grande Tur{\*\falt Courier New};}
{\f1038\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Lucida Grande (Hebrew){\*\falt Courier New};}{\f1040\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Lucida Grande Baltic{\*\falt Courier New};}
{\f1041\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Lucida Grande (Vietnamese){\*\falt Courier New};}{\f3613\fbidi \fnil\fcharset238\fprq2 Palatino CE{\*\falt Palatino};}{\f3617\fbidi \fnil\fcharset162\fprq2 Palatino Tur{\*\falt Palatino};}
{\f3620\fbidi \fnil\fcharset186\fprq2 Palatino Baltic{\*\falt Palatino};}{\f3621\fbidi \fnil\fcharset163\fprq2 Palatino (Vietnamese){\*\falt Palatino};}{\f5073\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Book Antiqua CE{\*\falt Book Antiqua};}
{\f5074\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Book Antiqua Cyr{\*\falt Book Antiqua};}{\f5076\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Book Antiqua Greek{\*\falt Book Antiqua};}{\f5077\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Book Antiqua Tur{\*\falt Book Antiqua};}
{\f5080\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Book Antiqua Baltic{\*\falt Book Antiqua};}{\f6585\fbidi \fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 @SimSun Western;}{\f6625\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2 @Batang Western;}{\f6623\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 @Batang CE;}
{\f6624\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 @Batang Cyr;}{\f6626\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 @Batang Greek;}{\f6627\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 @Batang Tur;}{\f6630\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 @Batang Baltic;}
{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE{\*\falt Calibri};}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr{\*\falt Calibri};}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek{\*\falt Calibri};}
{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur{\*\falt Calibri};}{\fhimajor\f31533\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri (Hebrew){\*\falt Calibri};}{\fhimajor\f31534\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri (Arabic){\*\falt Calibri};}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic{\*\falt Calibri};}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese){\*\falt Calibri};}
{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;
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\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\loch\f31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505 \sbasedon10 \slink4 \slocked \ssemihidden Heading 4 Char;}{\*\cs19 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs26\loch\f31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505 
\sbasedon10 \slink5 \slocked \ssemihidden Heading 5 Char;}{\*\cs20 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\loch\f31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505 \sbasedon10 \slink6 \slocked \ssemihidden Heading 6 Char;}{
\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs18\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs18\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext21 \slink22 \ssemihidden Balloon Text;}{\*\cs22 \additive 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs18 \sbasedon10 \slink21 \slocked \ssemihidden Balloon Text Char;}{\s23\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f8\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext23 \slink24 \ssemihidden endnote text;}{\*\cs24 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8 \sbasedon10 \slink23 \slocked \ssemihidden Endnote Text Char;}{
\s25\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext25 \slink26 Body Text;}{\*\cs26 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af8 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f8 \sbasedon10 \slink25 \slocked \ssemihidden Body Text Char;}{\*\cs27 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2 \sbasedon10 Hyperlink;}{\s28\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext28 \slink29 header;}{\*\cs29 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8 \sbasedon10 \slink28 \slocked \ssemihidden Header Char;}{\*
\cs30 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \super \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden endnote reference;}{\s31\qc \li0\ri0\sa120\sl-300\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext31 \slink32 \sqformat \spriority10 Title;}{\*\cs32 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs32\kerning28\loch\f31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501 
\sbasedon10 \slink31 \slocked \spriority10 Title Char;}{\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs32\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs32\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext33 HTML Body;}{
\s34\ql \li0\ri0\sb360\sa120\sl320\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f8\fs24\lang1031\langfe1031\cgrid\langnp1031\langfenp1031 \sbasedon0 \snext34 
Table / Figure title;}{\*\cs35 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf12 \sbasedon10 FollowedHyperlink;}{\*\cs36 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \super \sbasedon10 footnote reference;}{\s37\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext37 \slink38 footer;}{\*\cs38 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af8 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f8 \sbasedon10 \slink37 \slocked \ssemihidden Footer Char;}{\*\cs39 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 page number;}{\s40\qj \fi720\li0\ri-360\nowidctlpar
\tx360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-360\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af42\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f42\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext40 \sautoupd \styrsid9198560 chapter title;}{
\s41\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext41 \styrsid2886327 Normal (Web);}{\s42\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af42\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext42 \slink43 \styrsid3503294 footnote text;}{\*\cs43 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\dbch\af0 \sbasedon10 \slink42 \slocked \styrsid3503294 Footnote Text Char;}{\*\cs44 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b 
\sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority22 \styrsid5469261 Strong;}{\s45\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\lisb1\lisa1 \rtlch\fcs1 \af42\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext45 \styrsid5469261 black_11 subtitle;}{\s46\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs32\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\lang1033\langfe2052\loch\f1\hich\af1\dbch\af13\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp2052 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink47 \sqformat \spriority11 \styrsid15352717 Subtitle;}{\*\cs47 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\lang0\langfe2052\loch\f1\hich\af1\dbch\af13\langnp0\langfenp2052 \sbasedon10 \slink46 \slocked \spriority11 \styrsid15352717 Subtitle Char;}{\s48\qj \li720\ri0\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af42\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\fs24\lang1033\langfe1031\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1031 
\sbasedon0 \snext48 \sqformat \spriority34 \styrsid4545936 Mittleres Raster 1 - Akzent 21;}{\*\cs49 \additive \spriority0 \styrsid4418862 jrnl;}{\*\cs50 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority20 \styrsid11433638 
Emphasis;}{\*\cs51 \additive \spriority0 \styrsid5642789 issueinfo;}{\*\cs52 \additive \spriority0 \styrsid5642789 articlepagerange;}{\*\cs53 \additive \spriority0 \styrsid5642789 issueinfocomma;}{\*\cs54 \additive \spriority0 \styrsid5642789 
apple-converted-space;}{\*\cs55 \additive \spriority0 \styrsid14111596 slug-doi;}{\*\cs56 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf19\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat20 \sbasedon10 \styrsid8798741 Unresolved Mention;}{\*\cs57 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs18 \sbasedon10 \sunhideused \styrsid11092416 annotation reference;}{\s58\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af42\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext58 \slink59 \sunhideused \styrsid11092416 annotation text;}{\*\cs59 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37 \sbasedon10 \slink58 \slocked \styrsid11092416 
Comment Text Char;}}{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid-945286006\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}
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\fi-360\li3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7024835 \chftnsep 

\par }}{\*\ftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7024835 \chftnsepc 
\par }}{\*\aftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7024835 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\aftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7024835 \chftnsepc 
\par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid4545936\sftnbj {\footerl \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s37\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0\wraparound\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14226727 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs39\insrsid11686219 PAGE  }}{\fldrslt }}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs39\insrsid11686219 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s37\ql \li0\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin0\itap0\pararsid8266093 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11686219 
\par }}{\footerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s37\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0\wraparound\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14226727 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs39\insrsid11686219 PAGE  }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs39\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9310601 1}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs39\insrsid11686219 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s37\ql \li0\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin0\itap0\pararsid8266093 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11686219 \tab 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li360\ri0\widctlpar
\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid12804742 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f42\fs28\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Curriculum Vitae}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f42\fs28\insrsid8089161\charrsid4150937  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f42\fs28\insrsid8419462 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f42\fs28\insrsid12418687 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\fs28\insrsid12418687\charrsid10111807 (Updated January, 2019)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12804742 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid12804742 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Eric von Hippel\tab  \tab \tab  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12804742 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid12804742 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Education}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1080\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid92291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid92291 University of Vaasa
\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Ph.D \tab 2018 (Hon)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid92291\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1080\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid12804742 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid13829114\charrsid4150937 Technical }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid13829114\charrsid4150937 Universit\'e4t Hamburg-Harburg\tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid92291 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid13829114\charrsid4150937 Ph.D\tab 2013 (Hon)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid14161032\charrsid4150937 Copenhagen Business School\tab \tab \tab \tab Ph.D\tab 2007 (Hon)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid7605219\charrsid4150937 Ludwig-Maximillians Universit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid9392827\charrsid4150937 \'e4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid7605219\charrsid4150937 t M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid9392827\charrsid4150937 \'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid7605219\charrsid4150937 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid9392827\charrsid4150937 chen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid7605219\charrsid4150937 \tab \tab Ph.D.\tab 2004 (Hon)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Carnegie Mellon University\tab  \tab  \tab \tab Ph.D.\tab 1974
\par Massachusetts Institute of Technology\tab  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid5442134\charrsid4150937 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 S.M. \tab 1966\tab 
\par Harvard College\tab \tab \tab  \tab  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid5442134\charrsid4150937 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 B.A\tab 1964
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12804742 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11409469 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Professional History}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11409469\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid12804742 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid11409469\charrsid4150937 \tab      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid1277793\charrsid4150937 Visiting Professor, Harvard Business School\tab \tab 2017 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11409469\charrsid4150937 \endash }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid1277793\charrsid4150937  2018
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11409469\charrsid4150937 \tab    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid5442134\charrsid4150937    Schumpeter School Prize \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid7216531 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11409469\charrsid4150937 2017
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8286779\charrsid4150937   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid1277793\charrsid4150937 \tab      }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8286779\charrsid4150937 \'93Innovation Luminary\'94 EU Award
\tab \tab \tab 2015
\par \tab       }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8943800\charrsid4150937 Fellow, Open and User Innovation Society\tab \tab 2014}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4860239\charrsid4150937  -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid8943800\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1080\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid12804742 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid13829114\charrsid4150937 Humboldt Foundation Research Prize\tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid16327257\charrsid4150937 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid13829114\charrsid4150937 2013}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid16327257\charrsid4150937  -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid13829114\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid12804742 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid3874250\charrsid4150937 International Research Advisor, Technological \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid7216531 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid3874250\charrsid4150937 2013}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid2643225\charrsid4150937  -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid3874250\charrsid4150937 
\par Innovation Center, Tsinghua University, China
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1080\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid12804742 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af4 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid14894266\charrsid4150937 Welling Professor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af4 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid15151462\charrsid4150937 , George Washington U}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af4 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid14894266\charrsid4150937 niversity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af4 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid15151462\charrsid4150937 \tab 2009 - 2010}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4130548\charrsid4150937 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid13244663\charrsid4150937 Faculty Associate, Berkman Center\tab \tab \tab 2009 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8023031\charrsid4150937 2014}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid13244663\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1080\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid4394358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid13919187\charrsid4150937 Fellow, Berkman Center for Internet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4394358  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid13919187\charrsid4150937 and Society}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid4394358  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4394358\charrsid4150937 2007 -  2009}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4394358 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid13919187\charrsid4150937 Harvard Law School\tab \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1080\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid12804742 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid16270052\charrsid4150937 T Wilson Professor of Management}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4130548\charrsid4150937 , MIT-Sloan\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid7216531 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid16270052\charrsid4150937 2006 -  Present}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1080\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid12804742 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid16270052\charrsid4150937 Professor of Engineering Systems}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4130548\charrsid4150937 , MIT\tab \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid7216531 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid16270052\charrsid4150937 2006 -  Present}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li1080\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid12804742 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4130548\charrsid4150937 Head, Innovation and Entrepreneurship Group\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid7216531 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4130548\charrsid4150937 2003 -  2006
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid16270052\charrsid4150937 Professor, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Sl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid16270052\charrsid4150937 oan School of Management, MIT\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid10709413\charrsid4150937 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 1985 \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4741063 Present}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
\par Sir Walter Scott Distinguished Professor,
\par Australian Grad School of Management, UNSW\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid7216531 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 1997 - 1998
\par Co-Founder, MIT Entrepreneurship Program\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8920050\charrsid4150937 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 1994 - 1996
\par Fellow, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research\tab 1995 - 1997
\par Associate Professor, Sloan School, MIT\tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid10709413\charrsid4150937 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 1979 - 1985
\par Assistant Professor, Sloan School, MIT\tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid10709413\charrsid4150937 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 1973 - 1979
\par Consultant, McKinsey and Company\tab \tab \tab 1970 - 1972
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid13829114\charrsid4150937 Co-Founder and Engineering Manager,\tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid7216531 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 1966 - 1969

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1080\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid15145701 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Graphic Sciences Inc.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8089161\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid13120745 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f42\insrsid8089161\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14111596 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f42\insrsid4150937\charrsid4150937 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f42\insrsid6360900\charrsid4150937 Publications}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f42\insrsid15885469 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f42\insrsid4418275 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9121536 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9121536\charrsid10694503 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid12076641 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid13963895 
Demonaco, Harold, Pedro Oliveira, Andrew Torrance, Christiana von Hippel, and Eric von Hippel (2019) \'93When patients become innovators\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid13963895\charrsid9513402 Sloan Management Review}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid13963895  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid14702919 Spring, 2019, pp. 81-88.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid13963895 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid14702919\charrsid14702919 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid5663375\charrsid4150937 Gambardella, Alfonso and Eric von Hippel (201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid13180481 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid5663375\charrsid75052 ) \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid5663375\charrsid75052 Open sourcing as a profit-maximizing strategy for downstream firms\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid5663375  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid5663375\charrsid4150937  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\cf1\insrsid5663375 Strategy Science}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\cf1\insrsid13506457  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid13506457 Vol 4, no. 1 March 2019, p. 41-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\cf1\insrsid14355259 57}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid5663375\charrsid4150937  (}{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid5663375\charrsid4150937 
 HYPERLINK "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3046727)" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid5663375\charrsid4150937 {\*\datafield 
00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b92000000680074007400700073003a002f002f007000610070006500720073002e007300730072006e002e0063006f006d002f0073006f006c0033002f007000610070006500720073002e00630066006d003f006100
62007300740072006100630074005f00690064003d00330030003400360037003200370029000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc48527630000000085ab00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs27\f42\ul\cf2\insrsid5663375\charrsid4150937 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3046727)}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid4545936\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid12076641 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid7864386 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid2902276 Sichel, Dan, and Eric von Hippel (201}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid13180481 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid2902276 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid5663375\charrsid12076641 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid12076641\charrsid12076641 Household Innovation, R&D, and New Measures of Intangible Capital}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf21\insrsid5663375\charrsid12076641 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf21\insrsid5663375  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid2902276\charrsid4150937 MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid7864386 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid7864386 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid9121536\charrsid7864386 von Hippel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid7864386\charrsid7864386 , Eric and Sandro Kaulartz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid9121536\charrsid7864386  (201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid7864386 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid9121536\charrsid7864386 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf22\insrsid7864386\charrsid7864386 Next-generation consumer innovation search:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f42\cf22\insrsid7864386  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf22\insrsid7864386\charrsid7864386 Identifying early-stage need-solution pairs on the web}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid9121536\charrsid7864386 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7864386 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid9121536\charrsid7864386 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11092416 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11615687\charrsid12806632 Chen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11615687 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11615687\charrsid12806632  Jin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11615687 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11615687\charrsid12806632  Yu-Shan Su}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11615687 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang1043\langfe1033\langnp1043\insrsid11615687\charrsid12221470 Jeroen P.J. de Jong}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang1043\langfe1033\langnp1043\insrsid11615687 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid11615687\charrsid12806632 Eric von Hippel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11615687  (2018) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11615687\charrsid11615687 \'93
Household Sector Innovation in China: Impacts of Income and Development\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11615687   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid11615687\charrsid4150937 MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid11092416 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11615687 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11615687 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid12482681 Torrance, Andrew, and Eric von Hippel (2018) \'93A Meeting of Innovation Minds\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid12482681 Northwestern Law Review }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid12482681 (Vol 112, pp. 177-186)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid12482681\charrsid12482681 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5663375 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid13244424\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid13244424\charrsid4150937 Von Hippel, Eric, Jeroen de Jong, and Daan Rademaker (2017) \'93
Household Sector Innovation\'94 Mohammed Bin Rashid Centre for Government Innovation, UAE, (July)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3482108 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid2122647\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid3495442 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid6703195\charrsid3495442 Stock, Ruth, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid7097782\charrsid3495442 Shannon Heald, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid6703195\charrsid3495442 Christian Holthaus,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid7097782\charrsid3495442  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid6703195\charrsid3495442 Lennart Gillert}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid7097782\charrsid3495442 , and Eric von Hippel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid6703195\charrsid3495442  (2017) \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid3495442\charrsid3495442 Need-solution pair recognition by individuals:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid3495442  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid3495442\charrsid3495442 Evidence, and a cognitive mechanism explanation}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid6703195\charrsid3495442 \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid6703195\charrsid3495442 MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper (}{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\cf1\insrsid2586841\charrsid3495442  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid12127180\charrsid3495442 HYPERLINK}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid2586841\charrsid3495442 
 "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2902117)" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid2122647\charrsid3495442 {\*\datafield 
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\cs27\f42\ul\cf2\insrsid2586841\charrsid3495442 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2902117)}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid4545936\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid6703195\charrsid3495442 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid2586841\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\sa240\sl260\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid2586841\charrsid4150937 von Hippel, Eric, Harold Demonaco, and Jeroen de Jong (2017) \'93
Market failure in the diffusion of clinician-developed innovations: The case of off-label drug discoveries\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\cf1\insrsid2586841\charrsid4150937 Science and Public Policy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\cf1\insrsid2586841\charrsid4150937 , 44(1), 121\endash 131 doi: 10.1093/scipol/scw042 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid13651239\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid15815612\charrsid4150937 von Hippel, Eric (2017}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid16074492\charrsid4150937 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid16074492\charrsid4150937 Free Innovation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid16074492\charrsid4150937 MIT Press}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid4087521\charrsid4150937 , Cambridge, MA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid16074492\charrsid4150937  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid1117675\charrsid4150937 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid7865728\charrsid4150937 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid1117675\charrsid4150937 von Hippel, Eric (2017) \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid1117675\charrsid4150937 Fr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid12082530\charrsid4150937 ee Innovation by C
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid9581060\charrsid4150937 onsumers \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid12082530\charrsid4150937  How Producers Can B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid1117675\charrsid4150937 enefit\'94

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid1117675\charrsid4150937 Research-Te}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid2164554\charrsid4150937 chnology Management}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid5387933\charrsid4150937  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid5387933\charrsid4150937 (January-February) pp 39-42.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid1117675 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid5459887 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid5459887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid5459887 von Hippel, Eric (2017}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid5459887\charrsid4150937 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid5459887\charrsid3482108 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid5459887\charrsid3482108 The Free Innovation Paradigm \endash  Lessons for China\'94 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\cf1\insrsid5459887\charrsid3482108 Frontier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\cf1\insrsid5459887 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\cf1\insrsid5459887\charrsid3482108  of Engineering Management}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid5459887\charrsid3482108  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid5459887 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid5459887\charrsid5459887 forthcoming}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid5459887  2019}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid5459887\charrsid5459887 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s48\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af42\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\fs24\lang1033\langfe1031\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1031 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16074492\charrsid4150937 
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\ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid5661342\charrsid4150937 Gambardella, Alfonso, Christina Raasch, and Eric von Hippel (2016) \'93The user innovation paradigm: impacts on markets and welfare\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f42\insrsid5661342\charrsid4150937 Management Science}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid1202973  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf23\insrsid8996779\charrsid4150937 
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2393}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid4545936\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\fs18\cf23\insrsid8996779\charrsid4150937 
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\f42\insrsid10885341\charrsid4150937 von Hippel, Eric, and Georg von Krogh (2016) \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid10885341\charrsid4150937 Identifying viable \lquote need-solution pairs\rquote :
\par Problem solving without problem formulation\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid10885341\charrsid4150937 Organization Science}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid10885341\charrsid4150937 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\cf23\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10885341\charrsid4150937 27(1),\~pp. 207\endash 221}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid10885341\charrsid4150937 
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2015.1023}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid4545936\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid10885341\charrsid4150937 
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid10885341\charrsid4150937 Stock, Ruth Maria, Eric von Hippel, and Nils Lennart Gillert (2016) \'93}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid10885341\charrsid4150937 Impacts of Personality Traits on User Innovation Success.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid10885341\charrsid4150937 Research Policy,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\fs16\cf24\insrsid10885341\charrsid4150937  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid10885341\charrsid4150937 45 757\endash 769.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid14765056\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid681211\charrsid4150937 von Hippel, W., Hayward, L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid2052882\charrsid4150937 . E., Baker, E., Dubbs, S. L., and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid681211\charrsid4150937  von Hippel, E. (2016). \'93Boredom as a spur to innovation\'94 University of Queensland Working Paper.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid12923262\charrsid4150937 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid15223086\charrsid4150937 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid12923262\charrsid4150937 on Hippel, Eric }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid15223086\charrsid4150937 (2016) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid12923262\charrsid4150937 \'93Novel policies required to support free household sector innovation\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid15223086\charrsid4150937   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f42\insrsid15223086\charrsid4150937 OECD Blue Sky 3 Conference, Ghent, Belgium Conference Proceedings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid15223086\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid1911289\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang1043\langfe1033\langnp1043\insrsid12461133\charrsid4150937 de Jong, Jeroen P.J., Eric von Hippel, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid12461133\charrsid4150937 Fred Gault, Jari Kuusisto, and Christina Raasch (2015)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang1043\langfe1033\langnp1043\insrsid12461133\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid12461133\charrsid4150937 \'93Market failure in the diffusion of consumer-developed innovations: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang1043\langfe1033\langnp1043\insrsid12461133\charrsid4150937 Patterns in Finland}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid12461133\charrsid4150937 .\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid12461133\charrsid4150937 
Research Policy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid12461133\charrsid4150937  44, no.10 (December): 1856-1865.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid12461133\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s48\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af42\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\fs24\lang1033\langfe1031\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1031 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6707788\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s41\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid13052424 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid10621184\charrsid4150937 Torrance, Andrew and Eric von Hippel (2015) \'93The right to innovate.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid2374675\charrsid4150937 Michigan State Law Review }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid2374675\charrsid4150937 2015:793 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid2374675\charrsid4150937 pp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid2374675\charrsid4150937  793 - 829.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid13052424 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang2070\langfe1033\langnp2070\insrsid13052424 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang2070\langfe1033\langnp2070\insrsid14909148\charrsid4150937 Oliveira, Pedro, Leid Zejnilovic, Helena Canh\'e3o, and Eric von Hippel (2015) \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14909148\charrsid4150937 Innovation by patients with rare diseases and chronic needs. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\cf1\insrsid14909148\charrsid4150937 Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid13901075\charrsid4150937 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4418862\charrsid4150937 (1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid13901075\charrsid4150937 :41}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f42\insrsid13901075\charrsid13052424 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li360\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af447\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f447\fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af42\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\fs24\insrsid13901075\charrsid4150937 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0257-2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\fs24\insrsid4418862\charrsid4150937   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f42\fs24\insrsid14909148\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid11433638\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af42\hich\af42\dbch\af12\langfenp1042\insrsid11433638\charrsid4150937 
\hich\af42\dbch\af12\loch\f42 \hich\f42 Stock, Ruth Maria, Pedro Oliveira, and Eric von Hippel (2015) \'93\loch\f42 \hich\f42 Impacts of Hedonic and Utilitarian Motives on the Novelty and Utility of User-Developed Innovations.\'94\loch\f42  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af42\hich\af42\dbch\af12\langfenp1042\insrsid11433638\charrsid4150937 \hich\af42\dbch\af12\loch\f42 Journal of Product Innovation Management, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid11433638\charrsid4150937 Vol. 32 Issue 3, p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11947765\charrsid4150937  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11433638\charrsid4150937 389-403}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid11947765\charrsid4150937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af42\hich\af42\dbch\af12\langfenp1042\insrsid11433638\charrsid4150937 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang1043\langfe1033\langnp1043\insrsid14909148\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid15023044\charrsid4150937 Hienerth, Christoph, Eric von Hippel, and Morten Berg Jensen (2014) \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid7363390\charrsid4150937 User community vs. producer innovation development efficiency: A first empirical study}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid15023044\charrsid4150937 ,\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f42\cf1\insrsid15023044\charrsid4150937 Research Policy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid10441481\charrsid4150937 43 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid8944632\charrsid4150937 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\cf1\insrsid15023044\charrsid4150937 190-201
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid5661342\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f42\insrsid15352717\charrsid4150937 Kuusisto, Jari, Jeroen P. J. de Jong, Fred Gault, Christina Raasch, and Eric von Hippel (2013) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\f42\insrsid15352717\charrsid4150937 
Consumer Innovation in Finland: Incidence, diffusion and policy implications}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\insrsid15352717\charrsid4150937 . Proceedings of the University of Vaasa, Finland.  Reports.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s41\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af42\hich\af42\dbch\af12\langfenp1042\insrsid13003951\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af42\hich\af42\dbch\af12\langfenp1042\insrsid13003951\charrsid4150937 \hich\af42\dbch\af12\loch\f42 \hich\f42 Raasch, Christina and Eric von Hippel (2013) \'93\loch\f42 Innovation process benefits: The journey as 
\hich\af42\dbch\af12\loch\f42 \hich\f42 reward\'94\loch\f42   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af42\hich\af42\dbch\af12\langfenp1042\insrsid13003951\charrsid4150937 \hich\af42\dbch\af12\loch\f42 Sloan Management Review }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1042\loch\af42\hich\af42\dbch\af12\langfenp1042\insrsid13003951\charrsid4150937 \hich\af42\dbch\af12\loch\f42 (Fall) pp 33-39.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid14498427\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\cf1\insrsid5988882\charrsid4150937 F\'fcller, Johann, Roland Schroll, and Eric von Hippel (2013) \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid5988882\charrsid4150937 
User Generated Brands and their Contribution to the Diffusion of User Innovations.\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid5988882\charrsid4150937 Research Policy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid2556317\charrsid4150937 
 42, pp. 1197-1209}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid6295272\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid15023044\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid15023044\charrsid4150937 De Jong, Jeroen, P. J., and Eric von Hippel (2013) \'93
User Innovation: Business and Consumers\'94 Chapter 5 in Fred Gault, Ed., }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid15023044\charrsid4150937 Handbook on Innovation Indicators and Measurement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid15023044\charrsid4150937 Edward Elgar Publishing
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af447\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f447\fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af42\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\fs24\cf1\insrsid14176905\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s1\ql \li360\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\fs24\insrsid11667315\charrsid4150937 Raasch, Christiana, and Eric von Hippel}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af42\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\fs24\insrsid13710125\charrsid4150937  (2012), \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\fs24\cf1\insrsid13710125\charrsid4150937 Modeling interactions between }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f42\fs24\cf1\insrsid11472316\charrsid4150937 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\fs24\cf1\insrsid13710125\charrsid4150937 user and producer innovation paradigms: User-contested and user-complemented markets for innovation\'94
  MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\fs24\cf1\insrsid3034447\charrsid4150937  (http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2079763)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f42\fs24\cf1\insrsid13710125\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid2306926\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid1771575\charrsid4150937 von Hippel, Eric (2012) \'93The role of lead users in innovation\'94
 in David Teece and Mie Augier, Eds,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\fs30\cf25\insrsid1771575\charrsid4150937  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid1771575\charrsid4150937 Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid1771575\charrsid4150937 Palgrave Macmillan Ltd, UK.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f42\insrsid13710125\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4982863\charrsid4150937 
von}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4982863\charrsid4150937  Hippel, Eric, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang1043\langfe1033\langnp1043\insrsid4982863\charrsid4150937 Jeroen P.J. de Jong, and Stephen Flowers (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid2647232\charrsid4150937 2012}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang1043\langfe1033\langnp1043\insrsid4982863\charrsid4150937 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4982863\charrsid4150937 \'93Comparing busi
ness and household sector innovation in consumer products: Findings from a representative survey in the UK.\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid4982863\charrsid4150937 Management Science, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid2647232\charrsid4150937 Vol. 58, No. 9, (September), pp. 1669\endash 1681}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4982863\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid2647232\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4982863\charrsid4150937 
Baldwin, Carliss Y. and Eric von Hippel (2011) \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af4 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4982863\charrsid4150937 Modeling a Paradigm Shift: From Producer Innovation to User and Open }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid4982863\charrsid4150937 Collaborative Innovation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4982863\charrsid4150937 .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\lang1033\langfe2052\langfenp2052\insrsid4982863\charrsid4150937  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\lang1033\langfe2052\langfenp2052\insrsid4982863\charrsid4150937 Organization Science, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4982863\charrsid4150937 Vol. 22, No. 6, November\endash December, pp. 1399\endash 1417
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f42\insrsid11165452\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid2255208\charrsid4150937 von Hippel, Eric, Susumu Ogawa, and Jeroen P. J. de Jong (2011) \'93
The Age of the Consumer-Innovator\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid2255208\charrsid4150937 Sloan Management Review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid2255208\charrsid4150937  (Fall)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid7293633\charrsid4150937  vol}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11156210\charrsid4150937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid7293633\charrsid4150937  53 Nr 1 pp. 27-35.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid5469261\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid5469261\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid5469261\charrsid4150937 von Hippel, Eric, and Georg von Krogh (2011)  \'93
Open innovation and the private-collective model for innovation incentives.\'94 Chapter 9 in Rochelle C. Dreyfuss and Katherine Strandburg, Eds. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid5469261\charrsid4150937 The Law And Theory Of Trade Secrecy}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f42\insrsid5469261\charrsid4150937 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs44\i\loch\af42\hich\af42\dbch\af31505\insrsid5469261\charrsid4150937 \hich\af42\dbch\af31505\loch\f42 A Handbook of Contemporary Research}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs44\i\loch\af42\hich\af42\dbch\af31505\insrsid14491111\charrsid4150937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs44\loch\af42\hich\af42\dbch\af31505\insrsid14491111\charrsid4150937 \hich\af42\dbch\af31505\loch\f42  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs44\loch\af42\hich\af42\dbch\af31505\insrsid5469261\charrsid4150937 \hich\af42\dbch\af31505\loch\f42 Edward Elgar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs44\loch\af42\hich\af42\dbch\af31505\insrsid14491111\charrsid4150937 
\hich\af42\dbch\af31505\loch\f42 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid14491111\charrsid4150937 Cheltenham, UK.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid5469261\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid2255208\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4029994\charrsid4150937 Oliveira, Pedro and Eric von Hippel (2011) \'93
Users as Service Innovators: The Case of Banking Services\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid4029994\charrsid4150937 Research Policy,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid3763441\charrsid4150937  vol}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid11156210\charrsid4150937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid3763441\charrsid4150937  40, Nr 6, pp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11156210\charrsid4150937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid3763441\charrsid4150937 
 806-818}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid3763441\charrsid4150937 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid1123898\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid15012132\charrsid4150937 F\'fcller, Johann, Roland Schroll, and Eric von Hippel (2011) \'93
Brands as User Generated Content:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid12995702\charrsid4150937  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid15012132\charrsid4150937 Evidence and Implications.\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid15012132\charrsid4150937 MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper (January).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid15012132\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f42\insrsid10767963\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af600 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid11090617\charrsid4150937 Flowers, Steven, Eric von Hippel, Jeroen de Jong, and Tanja Sinozic (2010) \'93
Measuring user innovation in the UK: The importance of product creation by users.\'94  Research report, (April) NESTA, London, UK ISBN 978-1-84875-081-4.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af600 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf1\insrsid13201479\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid13201479\charrsid4150937 Von Hippel, Eric (2010) \'93Users as Sources of Invention,\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid13201479\charrsid4150937 Handbook of Economics of Technological Change}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid13201479\charrsid4150937 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid13201479\charrsid4150937 
Volume 1.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid13201479\charrsid4150937 Bronwyn H. Hall and Nathan Rosenberg, eds, Elsevier B.V. Press.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid13201479\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid3503294\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid5209408\charrsid4150937 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4732371\charrsid4150937 
e Jong, Jeroen P. J., and Eric von Hippel (2009) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid1980991\charrsid4150937 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af599 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid15473613\charrsid4150937 
Transfers of user process innovations to process equipment producers: A study of Dutch high-tech firms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid1980991\charrsid4150937 \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid15473613\charrsid4150937 
Research Policy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid12479411\charrsid4150937 (September) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid15473613\charrsid4150937 Vol 38}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid12479411\charrsid4150937 , No 7}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid15473613\charrsid4150937  pp 1181-1191}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af599 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4732371\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-72\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin-72\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af599 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\fs27\insrsid15473613\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri-72\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin-72\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid14109319\charrsid4150937 Gault, Fred and Eric von Hippel (2009) \'93
The prevalence of user innovation and free innovation transfers: Implications for statistical indicators and innovation policy\'94 MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid14109319\charrsid4150937 #472
2-09 (January)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid3541000\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri-72\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin-72\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af40 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid3541000\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid3541000\charrsid4150937 Von Hippel, Eric and Chen Jin (2009) \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid3541000\charrsid4150937 The major shift towards user-centered innovation: Implications for China\rquote s innovation policymaking}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf21\insrsid3541000\charrsid4150937 \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f42\cf21\insrsid3541000\charrsid4150937 Journal of Knowledge-based Innovation in China }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf21\insrsid3541000\charrsid4150937 (January) Vol 1, No. 1 pp.16-27}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\cf21\insrsid4750826\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf21\insrsid4750826\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4750826\charrsid4150937 von Hippel, Eric (2009)  \'93Adapting policy to user-centered innovation\'94  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4750826\charrsid4150937 Chapter 23 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid4750826\charrsid4150937  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4750826\charrsid4150937 Dominique Foray, ed.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid4750826\charrsid4150937  The New Economics of Technology Policy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4750826\charrsid4150937 Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 327-336
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\cf21\insrsid3541000\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid6575032\charrsid4150937 Von Hippel, Eric (2009) \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af601 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid6575032\charrsid4150937 Democratizing Innovation: The Evolving Phenomenon of User Innovation,\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af601 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid6575032\charrsid4150937 International Journal of Innovation Science }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af601 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid6575032\charrsid4150937 No. 1, Vol 1 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af601 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid13002470\charrsid4150937 pp. 29-40.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af601 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid13915164\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\sl-300\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\insrsid6575032\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li360\ri0\sl-300\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\insrsid1530818\charrsid4150937 von Hippel, Eric, Nikolaus Franke, and Reinhard Pr\'fc}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\insrsid2317066\charrsid4150937 gl (2009}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\insrsid1530818\charrsid4150937 ) \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\kerning28\insrsid1530818\charrsid4150937 \'93Pyramiding\'94
: Efficient Identification of Rare Subjects}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\kerning28\insrsid3369731\charrsid4150937 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\kerning28\insrsid1530818\charrsid4150937 \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\i\f42\insrsid2317066\charrsid4150937 Research Policy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\insrsid2317066\charrsid4150937 No. 38, pp 1397-1406.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\insrsid1530818\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\sl-300\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\insrsid1530818\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li360\ri0\sl-300\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\insrsid1530818\charrsid4150937 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f42\insrsid13894802\charrsid4150937 \'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\insrsid1530818\charrsid4150937 ller, Johann and Eric von Hippel (2008) \'93Costless Creation of Strong Brands by User Communities}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f42\insrsid1530818\charrsid4150937 : Implications for Producer-Owned Brands.\'94  MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af4 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\insrsid1530818\charrsid4150937 4718-08 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f42\insrsid1530818\charrsid4150937 September)
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid13990764\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid13990764\charrsid4150937 Fauchart, Emmanuelle and Eric von Hippel (2008)  \'93N
orms-based intellectual property systems: The case of French Chefs,\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid13990764\charrsid4150937 Organization Science}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid13990764\charrsid4150937  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af45 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid13990764\charrsid4150937 Vol. 19, No. 2, March\endash April pp. 187\endash 201
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid13990764\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid9590336\charrsid4150937 Von Hippel, Eric and Joseph Paradiso (2008) \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid11354118\charrsid4150937 User Innovation and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid9590336\charrsid4150937  Hacking\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid9590336\charrsid4150937 Pervasive Computing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4548867\charrsid4150937  IEEE CS Vol 7 No. 3 (July-September)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid10766522\charrsid4150937   pp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4548867\charrsid4150937  66-69.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid9590336\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11697034\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid7749946\charrsid4150937 Von Hippel, Eric (2007) \'93
Democratizing Innovation: The Evolving Phenomenon of User Innovation\'94 Chapter 8 in  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid7749946\charrsid4150937 Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators in a Changing World: Responding to Policy Needs, 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid7749946\charrsid4150937 OECD, pp 125-138. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f42\insrsid3089632\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\insrsid14111852\charrsid4150937 Von Hippel, Eric (2007) \'93Horizontal innovation networks \endash 
 by and for users,\'93 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\f42\insrsid14111852\charrsid4150937 Industrial and Corporate Change,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\insrsid14111852\charrsid4150937 16:2 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid14111852\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid5705302\charrsid4150937 Demonaco, Harold and Eric von Hippel (2006),}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f42\insrsid5705302\charrsid4150937  \'84}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid5705302\charrsid4150937 Reducing medical costs and increasing quality via toolki}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid13703388\charrsid4150937 
ts for patient self-management\'94. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid13703388\charrsid4150937 PLoS Med}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid13703388\charrsid4150937  4(4): e104.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid5705302\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f42\insrsid13703388\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid15992828\charrsid4150937 {\*\bkmkstart OLE_LINK3}
Franke, Nikolaus, Eric von Hippel and Martin Schreier (2006) \'93Finding Commercially Attractive User Innovations:  A Test of Lead-User Theory\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid15992828\charrsid4150937 
Journal of Product Innovation Management}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid15992828\charrsid4150937  Vol 23 pp. 301-315.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid15992828\charrsid4150937 {\*\bkmkend OLE_LINK3}
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid9244359\charrsid4150937 Von Krogh, Georg and Eric von Hippel (2006) {\*\bkmkstart DDE_LINK2}\'93The }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid6169342\charrsid4150937 High }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid9244359\charrsid4150937 Promise of Research on Open Source Software{\*\bkmkend DDE_LINK2},\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f42\insrsid9244359\charrsid4150937 Management Science}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8784630\charrsid4150937  vol 52, No. 7 (July) pp. 975-983.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid9244359\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8784630\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s41\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid526859\charrsid4150937 Von H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8193984\charrsid4150937 ippel, Eric and Georg von Krogh (2006)  \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid526859\charrsid4150937 
Free Revealing and the Private-Collective Model for Innovation Incentives,\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid526859\charrsid4150937 R&D Management }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid526859\charrsid4150937 
vol 36, No. 3, pp. 291-302.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s41\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11013759\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s41\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid12791569\charrsid4150937 Demonaco, Harold, Ayfer Ali and Eric von Hippel (2006), \'93
The Major Role of Clinicians in the Discovery of Off-Label Drug Therapies}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\kerning16\insrsid12791569\charrsid4150937 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid12791569\charrsid4150937  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\kerning16\insrsid12791569\charrsid4150937 Pharmacotherapy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\kerning16\insrsid12791569\charrsid4150937  Vol 26, No. 3, pp 323-332.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s41\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\kerning16\insrsid12791569\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s41\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11103749\charrsid4150937 Baldwin, Carliss Y., Christoph Hi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid12338465\charrsid4150937 enerth and Eric von Hippel (2006}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11103749\charrsid4150937 ) \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid12338465\charrsid4150937 
How user innovations become commercial products: a theoretical investigation and case study}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11103749\charrsid4150937 \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid12073173\charrsid4150937 Research Policy}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid12338465\charrsid4150937 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid12338465\charrsid4150937  Vol 35}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid12338465\charrsid4150937  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid12338465\charrsid4150937 No. 9 (November) pp. 1291-1313}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11103749\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s41\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f42\insrsid11103749\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid16723695\charrsid4150937 von Hippel, Eric (2005) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid16723695\charrsid4150937 Democratizing Innovation}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid16723695\charrsid4150937 , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (April).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid6711939\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid4462326\charrsid4150937 L\'fcthje}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid6711939\charrsid4150937 , Christian, Cornelius Herstatt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid7282168\charrsid4150937 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid6711939\charrsid4150937  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid13841926\charrsid4150937  Eric von Hippel (2005), \'93User-i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid6711939\charrsid4150937 nnovators and \'93local\'94 information: The case of mountain biking,\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid6711939\charrsid4150937 Research Policy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid6711939\charrsid4150937 , Vol 34, No. 6 (August) pp. 951-965.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid9198560\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid9198560\charrsid4150937 von Hippel, Eric (2005) \'93
Democratizing Innovation: The evolving phenomenon of user innovation\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid9198560\charrsid4150937 Journal f\'fcr Betriebswirtschaft }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8925834\charrsid4150937 
 (January) 55: pp. 63-78}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid9198560\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8925834\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid14877237\charrsid4150937 Henkel, Joachim and Eric von Hippel (2005) \'93Welfare Implications o
f User Innovation,\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid14877237\charrsid4150937 Journal of Technology Transfer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid14877237\charrsid4150937  Vol 30 Nos. 1-2 (January) Pages 73-87.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid2304820\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid2304820\charrsid4150937 Von Hippel, Eric (2005) \'93
The best way to innovate?  Let lead users do it for you\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid2304820\charrsid4150937 Inc Magazine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid2304820\charrsid4150937 , September
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid14877237\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid10100917\charrsid4150937 von Hippel, Eric}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid10100917\charrsid4150937 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 2005}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid10100917\charrsid4150937 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937  "Op}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid15623329\charrsid4150937 
en source software projects as user innovation networks}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937  - no manufacturer required." in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
Perspectives on Free and Open Source Software}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 , edited by J. Feller, B. Fitzgerald, S. Hissam, and K. Lakhani. Cambridge: MIT Press.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs32\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs32\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\fs24\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\dn6\insrsid9775991\charrsid4150937 Hessler, Curt, Eric von Hippel and James Bessen (2004) \'93U.S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\dn6\insrsid13391476  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\dn6\insrsid9775991\charrsid4150937 Supreme Court }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\dn6\insrsid9775991\charrsid4150937 Amici Curiae}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\dn6\insrsid9775991\charrsid4150937 
 Brief of Innovation Scholars In Support of Affirmation In The Case of Metro-Goldwyn Mayer Studios, Inc. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\dn6\insrsid9775991\charrsid4150937 et al., Petitioners, vs Grokster, Ltd., et al., Respondents}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\dn6\insrsid9775991\charrsid4150937 \'94 No. 04-480, (March)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid9775991\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs32\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs32\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\fs24\insrsid9775991\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\fs24\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 von Hippel, Eric and Georg von Krogh (2003), \'93Open Source Software and the \'93
Private-Collective\'94 Innovation Model: Issues for Organization Science\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\fs24\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937  Organization Science }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\fs24\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
14 (2)208-223.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\fs24\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Lakhani, Karim and Eric von Hippel (2003) \'93How Open Source Software Works:  \'93Free\'94 User-to-User Assistance,\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid12073173\charrsid4150937  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Research Policy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937  Vol 32 No. 6 , (June) Pages 923-943
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Franke, Nikolaus and Eric von Hippel (2003), \'93
Satisfying Heterogeneous User Needs via Innovation Toolkits: The Case of Apache Security Software\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Research Policy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
 Vol 32, No. 7, (July) pp.1199-1215.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f42\insrsid16675154\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Von Krogh, Georg and Eric von Hippel (2003), \'93
Open Source Software: Introduction to a  Special Issue of Research Policy,\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 {\*\bkmkstart OLE_LINK2}Research Policy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937  Vol 32, No. 7, (July) pp. 1149-57.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\insrsid16675154\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Harhoff, Dietmar, Joachim Henkel and Eric von Hippel (2003) \'93
Profiting from voluntary information spillovers: How users benefit from freely revealing their innovations,\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Research Policy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\i\f42\insrsid5916288\charrsid4150937 {\*\bkmkend OLE_LINK2} }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\insrsid5916288\charrsid4150937 vol 32, No.10 (December) pp.1753-1769}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\insrsid789873\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li-300\ri0\widctlpar\tx2160\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin-300\itap0\pararsid11819291 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af8 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f42\insrsid16675154\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
Lilien, Gary L., Pamela D. Morrison, Kathleen Searls, Mary Sonnack, Eric von Hippel, (2002) \'93Performance Assessment of the Lead User Idea Generation Process,\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Management Science}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 , Vol 48, No 8 (August) pp. 1042-1059.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s34\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\tx2160\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f8\fs24\lang1031\langfe1031\cgrid\langnp1031\langfenp1031 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\lang1033\langfe1031\langnp1033\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Von Hippel, Eric and Ralph Katz (2002), \'84Shifting Innovation to Users Via Toolkits,\'93 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Management Science}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab0\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 , Vol 48, No. 7 (July) pp 821-833.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\insrsid16675154\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Thomke, Stefan and Eric von Hippel (2002) \'84
Customers as Innovators: A New Way to Create Value\'93 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Harvard Business Review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
, Vol 80 No. 4 April pp 74-81.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\insrsid16675154\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 von Hippel, Eric, \'93Innovation by User Communities: Learning from Open Source Software,\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Sloan Management Review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 , July, 2001.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (2001) \'93Perspective: User toolkits for innovation,\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 The Journal of Product Innovation Management}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 , 18, pp 247-257.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Morrison, Pamela D., John H. Roberts and Eric von Hippel (2000), \'93
Determinants of User Innovation and Innovation Sharing in a Local Market,\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Management Science}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
, 46, 12 (December), pp1513-1527.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric, Stephan Thomke and Mary Sonnack (1999) \'93Creating Breakthroughs at 3M\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Harvard Business Review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
 77, No.5 September-October, p. 47-57. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel (1998) \'93Economics of Product Development by Users: The Impact of \'93Sticky\'94 Local Information\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Management Science}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 , vol 44, No. 5 (May) p. 629-644
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s25\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 von Hippel (1998) \'93Explorations of the Impact of \'93Sticky\'94
 Local Information on the Locus of Innovation \endash  a Progress Report,\'94 in N. Franke and C.-F. von Braun, editors, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
Innovationsforschung und Technologie-management: Konzepte, Strategien, Fallbeispiele}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 , Springer.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 \rtlch\fcs1 \af8\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f8\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
Thomke, Stefan, Eric von Hippel and Roland Franke (1998) \'93Modes of Experimentation:  An Innovation Process \endash  and Competitive \endash  Variable\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Research Policy}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 , Vol 27 p. 315-332}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8798741 
\par Churchill, Joan, Eric von Hippel and Mary Sonnack (1998) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8798741\charrsid8798741 Lead User Project Handbook: A practical guide for lead user project teams}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8798741  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8798741 MIT Sloan Working Document (available under a Creative Commons license from: }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8798741  HYPERLINK "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid8798741\charrsid8798741 https://evhippel.mit.edu/teaching/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8798741 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11615687 {\*\datafield 
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c48527630000000085ab00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\f42\ul\cf2\insrsid8798741\charrsid3476703 https://evhippel.mit.edu/teaching/}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid4545936\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8798741 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid8798741 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8798741  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
Tyre, Marcie and Eric von Hippel  (1997) "The Situated Nature of Adaptive Learning in Organizations"  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Organization Science}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937  , vol 8, No 1 (January-February) p. 71-83
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric and Marcie Tyre (1996) "The Mechanics of Learning by Doing: Problem Discovery During Process Machine Use."  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Technology and Culture}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937  37 no.2 (April) p. 312-329.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric and William Riggs (1996) "A Lead User Study of Electronic Home Banking Services: Lessons from the Learning Curve."  MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper # 3911-96 (June).\tab \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric and Stephan Schrader (1996), "'Managed' Informal Information Trading: The Oil Scout System in Oil Exploration Firms."  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 International Journal of Technology Management}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 , Vol 11, Nos. 1&2  p.209-218.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1995) "User Learning, 'Sticky Information', and User-Based Design, MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper #3815-95 (May).  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric and Marcie Tyre (1995) "How "Learning by Doing" is Done: Problem Identification in Novel Process Equipment." Vol 24, No.1 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Research Policy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937  (January)  p. 1-12.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1994) "Sticky Information" and the Locus of Problem Solving: Implications for Innovation"   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Management Science}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937  40, no.4 (April): 429-439
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
Riggs, William and Eric von Hippel (1994), "The Impact of Scientific and Commercial Values on the Sources of Scientific Instrument Innovation,"  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Research Policy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937  23 (July): 459-469.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1993) " Concurrent Market Research for New Product Development," Sloan School of Management Working Paper # 3576-93 BPS, June.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1993)" The Creation of Needs for New Products and Services", Sloan School of Management Working Paper # 3374-92-BPS, January 1992.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx270\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Herstatt, Cornelius, and Eric von Hippel (1992), "From Experience:  Developing New Product Concepts Via the Lead User Method: A Case Study in a "Low Tech" Field", }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Journal of Product Innovation Management}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 , 1992;9: 213-221.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1990) "Task Partitioning:  An Innovation Process Variable," }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Research Policy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\ul\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 19, 407-418.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1990) "Predicting the Source of Commercially Valuable User Innovation Via "Lead Users", in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Advances in Telecommunications Management}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 , Edited by M. Saghafi and A. Gupta, JAI Press, Greenwich Connecticut
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1989) "New Product Ideas from 'Lead Users}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid5054088\charrsid4150937 ,'" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Research Management}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 , 32, No. 3 (May-June): 24-27. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1988) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 The Sources of Innovation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937  (New York:\~Oxford University Press).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
Urban, Glen L.,  and Eric von Hippel (1988), "Lead User Analyses for the Development of New Industrial Products,"  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Management Science}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937  34, no. 5 (May):569-82.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1987) "Cooperation Between Rivals: Informal Know-How Trading,"  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Research Policy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937  16: 291-302.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel,\~Eric (1986) "Lead Users: A Source of Novel Product Concepts," }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Management Science}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
  32, no. 7 (July):791-805.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1986) "Tools for Thinking About the Sources of Innovation in Ceramics Materials and Processes," }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Proceedings of the American Ceramics Society}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 , 88th Annual Meeting.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1985) "Testing the Correlation Between the Functional Locus of Innovation and Appropriable Innovation Benefit," MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper  No. 1688-85,  Cambridge, Mass. (August).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1985) "Learning from Lead Users," in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Marketing in an Electronic Age}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 , ed.\~Robert D.\~
Buzzell (Boston: Harvard Business School Press), \~308-17.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1984) "Generation and Evaluation of Novel Product Concepts via Analysis of Experienced Users," Marketing Science Institute,  Cambridge, Mass. (December).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1983) "Increasing Innovators' Returns from Innovation," in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Research on Technological Innovation, Management and Policy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 , ed.\~Richard S.\~Rosenbloom, vol.\~1 (Greenwich, Conn:\~JAI Press,), 35-53.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1982) "Appropriability of Innovation Benefit as a Predictor of the Source of Innovation," }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Research Policy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937  11, no. 2 (April): 95-115.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1982) "Get New Products from Customers,"  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Harvard Business Review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937   60, no. 2 (March-April):117-22.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid5770592\charrsid4150937 Eric }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11477916\charrsid4150937 (1982) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
"Get New Products from Customers," in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 The Management of Technological Innovation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 , ed.\~Alan M.\~
Kantrow and Richard S.\~Rosenbloom (Bosto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid11477916\charrsid4150937 n:\~Harvard Business Review Press}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 ), 138-43.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
Finkelstein, Stan N., Eric von Hippel, and Jeffrey R.\~Scott (1980) "Projecting the Impact of the 1976 Medical Device Amendments on Innovation in Clinical Chemistry Tests," }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
Journal of Technology Transfer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937   5, no. 1 (Fall):1-9.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1980) "The User's Ro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid5054088\charrsid4150937 le in Industrial Innovation."  C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 hap. 3 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Management of Research and Innovation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 , ed.\~Burton V.\~Dean and Joel D.\~Goldhar, vol.\~15 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\ul\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 TIMS Studies in the Management Sciences}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937  (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company), \~53-65.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1979) "Reducing the Cost of Product Development by Recognizing - and Benefitting from - Customer R&D,"  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 PDMA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937  4, no. 2 (March).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1979) "A Customer-Active Paradigm for Industrial Product Idea Generation," in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Industrial Innovation: Technology, Policy, Diffusion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 , ed.\~Michael J.\~Baker (London: Macmillan), 82-110.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric  and Stan N.\~Finkelstein (1979), "Analysis of Innovation in Automated Clinical Chemistry Analyzers,"  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Science & Public Policy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937  6, no. 1 (February):24-37.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1978) "A Customer-Active Paradigm for Industrial Product Idea Generation," }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Research Policy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
 7, no. 3 (July):240-66.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1978) "Users as Innovators," }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Technology Review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937   80, no. 3 (January):31-39.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1978) "Successful Industrial Products From Customer Ideas:\~ A Paradigm, Evidence and Implications," }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Journal of Marketing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937   42, no. 1 (January):39-49.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1977) "Transferring Process Equipment Innovations from User-Innovators to Equipment Manufacturing Firms,"  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 R&D Management}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937   8, no. 1 (October):13-22.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1977) "Successful and Failing Internal Corporate Ventures:\~ An Empirical Analysis,"  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Industrial Marketing Management}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937   6, no. 3 (July):163-74.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1977) "The Dominant Role of the User in Semiconductor and Electronic Subassembly Process Innovation," }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937  EM-24, no. 2 (May):60-71.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1977) "Has a Customer Already Developed Your Next Product?," }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Sloan Management Review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
 18, no. 2 (Winter 1977):\~73-74.  Reprinted in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 IEEE Engineering Management Review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937   6, no. 8 (September 1979):\~5-16.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, Eric (1976) "The Dominant Role of Users in the Scientific Instrument Innovation Process," }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Research Policy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
  5, no. 3 (July):212-39.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11819291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel,Eric (1974)  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 An Exploratory Study of Corporate Venturing - A New Product Innovation Strategy Used by Some Major Corporations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937  (Ph.D.\~Dissertation, Carnegie Mellon University, 1973) (Ann Arbor, Mich: University Microfilms).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8090467 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid12804742 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Patents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 :
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12804742 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid12804742 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
The following patents describe electromechanical inventions related to facsimile.\~ These were embodied in approximately 15,000 facsimile transceivers produced from 1967 to 1977.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12804742 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid12804742 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
von Hippel, U.S.\~Patent\~No.\~3,369,691 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Electro-Sensitive Printing Resin Control System}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 , Issued October 10, 1972.

\par von Hippel, U.S. Patent No.\~3,640,482, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Paper Feed Mechanism}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 , Issued February 9, 1972.
\par von Hippel, U.S.\~Patent No.\~3,541,579, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Electronic Stylus Feed Mechanism}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 ,\~ 
\par Issued November 17, 1970.
\par von Hippel, U.S.\~Patent No.\~3,533,249, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 Scanner Speed Conditioning Unit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 ,\~Issued October 31, 1970.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li60\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin60\itap0\pararsid12804742 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12804742 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af42 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\insrsid8419462\charrsid4150937 
\par 
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