Finance

Professor Robert Pindyck told Newsweek there was "just one reason" behind rising electricity bills, "and that's the grid. We have a very antiquated, inefficient grid here in the United States, and the result is that if there's any increase in demand — even if the electricity can be generated cheaply — it's very hard to move it from A to B," he said.

The rules for dark pools allow flexibility, says associate professor Haoxiang Zhu. Pools can merely file a note informing the agency of a change in their operations. While an exchange must provide fair access to anyone who wants to trade, a pool can discriminate as long as its trading in any stock remains below 5% of the stock's total market volume. That leaves pools freer to innovate.

Professor Emerita Lotte Bailyn said: "Child care is absolutely necessary if parents need or want to have employment. Child care workers must be paid well in order to attract the people needed for high quality, and parents cannot pay more for child care than they earn. That means a simple private business model does not work."